Biological sample collection is a cornerstone of clinical research, providing critical data for evaluating drug pharmacokinetics (PK), immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety. Diverse specimen containers are employed for various sample types, ranging from common biological fluids like blood (whole blood, serum, plasma), urine, and feces, to more specialized in vivo samples such as arterial blood, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, alveolar lavage fluid, wound exudate, tears, pathological tissue, and skin...
